CORPORATE BIAS & NEPOTISM - A HINDRANCE FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT

                                                                      Abstract
Whether globalization, liberalization and privatization drive to secure socio- economic integration and development of all the people of the world through a free flow of goods, services, information, knowledge and people across all boundaries purpose, or not, they twist the World societies to run behind a socio-economic disparities in each segments of the people. They lead many unethical policies like predatory competition culture not only among Nations, business organizations but they create a much unfair groupism in various societies and drive them towards contradictory nationalism with polarization, nepotism and bias internally and externally in micro and macro level environments in every corners of their functions. Most of the corporate businesses are the main platforms for these radical discriminations and biases.

                                                                Introduction
Even though each and every workmanship and leadership have the common objectives in an organization, there is a hidden or unconscious bias and favoritism in their individual mindset of ethnic or cultural division due to Xenophobia.  Many of recent researches have shown that inequality between ethnic groups is strongly driven by politics, where powerful groups and elites channel the state's resources toward their constituencies. Most of the existing literature assumes that these politically induced inequalities are static and rarely change over time. These politically driven or motivated racism or nationalism arises in every business organizations from developed, developing countries and economically weaker countries. We challenge this claim and argue that economic globalization and domestic institutions interact in shaping inequality between groups. In weakly institutionalized states, gains from trade primarily accrue to political insiders and their co-ethnics. By contrast, politically excluded groups gain ground where a capable and meritocratic state apparatus governs trade liberalization. Using nighttime luminosity data from 1992 to till date and a global sample of ethnic groups, we show that the gap between politically marginalized groups and their included counterparts has narrowed over time while economic globalization progressed at a steady pace. Our quantitative analysis and four qualitative case narratives show, however, that increasing trade openness is associated with economic gains accruing to excluded groups in only institutionally strong states, as predicted by our theoretical argument. In contrast, the economic gap between ethnopolitical insiders and outsiders remains constant or even widens in weakly institutionalized countries. The growth of economy is not the real-time growth of industry and the consequent employment opportunities. But in the growing economies, the state or corporate industries have limited many opportunities only to few segments of people according to their ethnopolitical or fiscal policies. Sometimes the Government policies are the game changers for this shifting from economic distribution to economic disparity in societies and individuals. 
 
                                                Bias in a common perspective
The importance of organizational objectives in cohesive approach towards Mission and Vision in the last decades is slowly shifting towards political, ethnic or personal diversities of the managers and their vision. So, the hierarchical value disproportion in an organizational structure from top to bottom on a vertical basis is shrinking to a narrow ideology that discriminates a balanced work culture and business ethics from recruitments to remunerations. People easily can apprehend that the world and the workplace with it are changing. Business organizations not only use different countries for different functions, but they create and eliminate functions all the time—many of the highest paid non-management jobs did not exist 10 years ago. At the same time, computational power and robotics are making many jobs obsolete. So, the managers are in the positions to handle such manpower requirements within the organizations. These biases are formed in our brains unknowingly throughout our lifetime. Some help us be more efficient or put real “brainpower” to other tasks. But some of these biases may lead to workplace discrimination, unhealthy risk aversion, overinflated confidence, and poor business decisions.
 
Besides various other global apprehensions, we recognize the need to adapt our way of thinking to address the plethora of current global social, economic, political and cultural challenges which are turning back to centuries ago in some countries. This also means challenging the mental habits, paradigms, and assumptions that have been successful right up until the 21st century. Ethnic political desires dominate most functions that calibrate the depth of the root of favoritism. 
As companies vie to keep up with these changes, it’s important to recognize that many of the attitudes and behaviors of people involved will be unconsciously influenced. This can be both useful and hindering, so understanding this is paramount. Unconscious bias is a catch-all phrase for how we make decisions that are based on “rules of thumb” rather than all the facts. There is a fast-increasing body of knowledge exploring these tricky human phenomena. Businesses are now keen to catch up with the science in order to improve the experience they provide to both their customers and employees. From changing the way businesses hire and hold meetings, to how they reach their markets, understanding the predictable, but not always rationale, choices of human beings will help improve their customer experience strategies. The potential here is only just being realized. However, we can’t be conscious of all of our senses all of the time. As we grow up, we filter information to create mental shortcuts and develop habits that help us get by. It is these consciously created “rules of thumb” that once learned, become unconscious. Like habits, unconscious biases are hard things to break.        
 
                                    Areas and kinds of Nepotism and Favoritism
After globalization effect most of the nations in the World are functioning as a prototype corporate model and in concern with the interest of corporate firms to adjust their political, fiscal and environmental policies. The policies of governments are most favoring to corporate sectors which are directing the manufacturing and retail trade towards a monopolistic trend. The small players in the international or domestic manufacturing and retail sectors especially micro, small and medium enterprises and weaker entrepreneurs are continuously losing their market share and tend to move to their inactive stage. MSME sector is one of the largest job providing sectors with 61 Million units creating around 110 Million jobs and contributing around 30% share of India’s GDP. We can find closure of many of these units and related job losses and unemployment due to the galvanized effect of Corporatization and crony capitalism. Nepotism is sometimes is a path to corruption and anti-trust measures. The bureaucracy in governance, the public and private and financial sectors, stock or security exchange markets are also rigid with small scale enterprises, MSMEs and start-ups whereas very flexible with bigger companies in following their procedural policies and norms. This kind of nepotism in the corporate world gives life to financially strong companies but at the same time challenges the survival of the weaker business units.

The human resources policies nowadays are shifted from HR perspective to line manager perspective that is from recruitment-selection process to picking-up process even though it is seen as a recruiting process in the open forum. Most of the current recruiting processes are a short-term perspective or objective in human resources planning compared to previous decades. So, the selection process only acclimatizes the qualities of managers for a job profile rather than quality leadership. Hence, the operational standards and guidance are framed in a systemized and mechanized manner and not with a human approach. So, in most of the service sectors and retail industries, the CRM-Customer relationship becomes robotic from a customer-centric approach. So, we can recognize many switching over of customers, customers’ dissatisfaction, arrogance in customer service, the declining graph of employee engagement, improper time management, selection of inexperienced, incapable and unskilled people and related service issued without proper understanding, knowledge and skills.
 
                        Corporate, Politics, Governance, Media – Social Interference
Corporate governance, politics, government, bureaucracy and media are interrelated to each other in both micro and macro level. The public relations and social interactions within them and from them are the inevitable stimuli that derive mass psychology, mass attraction and mass opinion. In industrial countries like India, the above play a major role in influencing any policies, agenda, projects, industrial and infrastructure development within a locality or region consisting of various ethnic groups. The advertisements, political campaigns, corporate press releases, paid news commercially and politically, governments’ notices are generalized and digitalized through various print and visual media centers, consultative organizations. Since all these functions in corporate governance, politics, government, bureaucracy and media are working on commercial as well as a benefit or returns-oriented aspects their trustworthiness and reliability are many times to be questioned. 
                                                Aim and objectives of this research
The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of bias, favoritism and nepotism as a form of corruption on the effectiveness of management and leadership determining the relationship between individuals, groups, organizations, societies and taking it into account as a potential threat to secure and sustainable development of the organizations and societies with multiple diversities. The data will be collected from private and public organizations and to be used to test research hypotheses with the application of structural equation modeling to check the models with median effects.  The results of the test allowed to identify the negative aspects of above problems in the relationship between the manager’s behavior and organizational performance and problems causing internal conflicts and an atmosphere of mistrust in both public and private organizations, which leads to poor company performance and quality of services provided, and the potential loss of competent leaders, managers and effective governance and management in a society.
 
                                                Hypotheses and research Questions
Hypothesis 1 : The manager of the organization supports bias, nepotism, cronyism, favoritism and other forms of protectionism, which negatively affects the organization’s activities.
Hypothesis 2: Nepotism, cronyism, favoritism and other forms of protectionism create a negative psychological climate in the organization and society.
Hypothesis 3: A negative psychological climate in the organization and society increases mistrust among ethnic groups and causes tension in communication gives rise to mutual suspicion and snooping.
Hypothesis 4: Positive aspects of nepotism, cronyism, favoritism and other forms of protectionism have a positive effect on the organization’s or social activities.
Hypothesis 5: Nepotism, cronyism, favoritism have a negative effect on the functioning of public sector organizations and malfunctioning arises to control the equality and social justice.
Hypothesis 6: Nepotism, cronyism, favoritism have a positive effect on the functioning of private sector or public sector organizations and relative progressive outcome in the society.
 
                                                Research Methods to be used
 
A quantitative study will be conducted with employees, managers and business leaders from private and public sector organizations. The execution of the quantitative and qualitative analyses will be directly linked to both the search for answers to problem issues and the disclosure of the current situation, aiming to collect unique and useful information to identify, compare, and uncover relevant details in connection with the researched topic on Corporate bias, nepotism and favoritism. 

Conversion and Indian Politics (Part 4)

As I have already said in the first part, the Aryans invaded from Central Asia to the Indus Valley region with their cattle from 1178 BCE to 650 BCE, defeated, drove out, enslaved the aborigines in the regions and conquered the Indus Valley with their tricks. Hence the region was named as "Hindu" by the Aryans (Sindhu in Sanskrit) meaning "enslaved" in Perian (Iranian Language). The Greeks (Herodotus) called it "Indos" in the 5th century BCe and the Romans referred it "Indus" in their chronicles. The word India or Hindu itself refers to the Indus region of Sindhu river, and in the Persian dictionary of Lughet-e-Kishwari the word "Hindu" meaning thief, robber, slave. There are historical references that the invading Aryans called the existing aborigines as such. Sebastio Manric, a Western Christian historian who traveled during the Islamic rule in 1649 CE, called all non-Muslims in the present Indian subcontinent region (Adi, Dravidian, Vegan, Vaishnava, Jain, Buddhist, Sikh, ancestral, nature worship) as "Hindus". During the British rule in the area after 1750 CE, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in Kolkata, West Bengal, Sir. Jones Williams wrote and passed a judicial order to include all the religions in India other than Christianity & Islam under one name “Hinduism” for administrative convenience with the leading Varnasram Dharma Brahmin religion and enshrined such “Hinduism” in the Constitution in 18^th Century CE.  Kolkata was the capital of the British during that period. Relying on the false information of the Brahmins under him, Jones Williams did this. To this day it is enshrined in our constitutions and laws which is the only section not amended. But before Jones Williams until then there was no mention of "Hinduism" in this area in any historical reference or literature.

 

https://advatic.blogspot.com/2018/04/the-name-hinduism-is-coined-by-sir.html#.Yft-wtLhVNA

 

https://www.hinduismfacts.org/sects-of-hinduism/

 

 

Religions that come under  the religion of Hinduism

 

Aryan and Aryan, Dravidian mixed religions

 

Dvaitam - Everything is sorcery, zero, illusion

Advaitam - The only truth is that Brahma is infinite

 

Pure Aryan religion - Brahminism or Sanatan

 

Shaivism  - Sithaanthal Shaivism, Veera Saivam, Lingayatism, Natha

                   Samprathayam, Kashmiri Shaivism, Thrika Shaivism,  

                   Pasupatha Saivism, Agora Samprathayam, Siddha Saivam,

                  Kangalam, Kaalaamugam, Maaviratham, Somam,       

                 Ilaagudam, Vaathulam, Ilaanjanam, Vaamam, Viaravam, 

                 Kaabaalam, Kaabaaligam, Kaalaananam, Shaiva Saasanam,

                           Paadaanavaatham, Pethavaatham, Sivasamavaatham,

                           Sivasangiraantham, Eesuvara Avigaram,

                           Sivathuvidam, Lokulikam, Somasittantham, Misram,

                           Sroutha Saivam, Aikkiyavaatha Shaivism.

   

Vaishnavism - Kaudiya Vaishnavism, Manipuri Vaishnavism, Nimbarka

                          Tradition, Sri Vaishnava Tradition, Rudra Tradition,

                          Warkari tradition, Ramanandi (Telugu) tradition,

                           Odia Vaishnavism, Mahanubhava tradition, Sahajia

                           Baul Sampradayam, Ekasarana Dharma, Radha         

                         Vallabha Tradition, Pranami Tradition, Swaminarayan                             Tradition, Ramasnehi Tradition, Haridas Sects,         

                        Pushtimarka Sects,  Sakthism, Smartism, Harihara Sects.

                         

Other religions: Saktam, Kanapathiyam, Kaumaram, Sauram

 

Jainism - by Mahaveer in 599-527 BCE against the Aryan religion

                 Originated as a separate religion

 

Buddhism - Monotheism by Siddhartha Gautama Buddha in 563–483 BCE

 

Sikhism - Followed by a group of people in the 15th century

                 In the 18th century CE (1748-1799) by Guru Nanak

                 Originated as a religion. ONE GOD principle with cults

 

Pure Dravidian religions: Nattar deity (idol) religion, ancestor

                            Worship, Nature Worship, Sun Worship,

                            Veriyaattam, Nadukkal, Theyyam, ghost worship,

                       Santha Karpagam, Sanga Virubam, Sathuvam 

 

Non-religious worships:  Vallalar's "Jothi Valipaadu" - One Lord -

                                        “Arutperunjothi ; Thaniperunkarunai”                 

                Ayyavu Vaikundar's "Ayyavazhi"

                 Narayanaguru's "Monotheism" - one race, one humanity

 

Some people in Brahmin Religion do not allow idolatry.

Instead, they emphasize the worship of ONE GOD Almighty  "Brammam” and follow and hour their religious their sages and ancestors. Some Brahmins religions also claim that Brahmins are gods. They are referring “Aham” and  “Brammam” to denote themselves. But they describe all others that is non-Brahmins as "Sutras"

 

Even if you separate a single religion from Hinduism with millions of people today, the Constitution of India will not recognize you as a separate religion. According to the Indian Constitution, other than Muslims and Christians all other people (both atheists and non-believers) are Hindus. This was made by Brahmins in 1764 CE  during British period as Brahmins wanted to rule the entire Hinduism under Brahminical supremacy. This was their strategic move to play a big role by their political maneuvering and conspiracy. This is the only chapter that has not been amended in Indian Constitution in both pre-independence and post-independence constitution amendments. They will not allow changing this because they are in power. They shout "conversion" “conversion” all over India because if people will convert to a large number from Hinduism, they will have trouble in their rule, power and authority. 

Sir. Williams Jones  - Supreme Court of India (Kolkata) - 1764

Conversion and Indian Politics (Part 3)

 I had mentioned in Part 2 that religions are unnecessary and conversion is unnecessary, but at the same time if a religion is dominated by a caste sects advancing over other caste and most people of the same religion are oppressed by the one caste, I have justified the “religious conversion” because Religion is one of the customary adaptions like a political party, dress, food, culture etc., and not born with birth. Conversion is a mode of change of belief / faith or expression against oppression which can lead to religious apostasy and it should happen. Religion is a protecting shield for one caste for their domination in the society which is happening through various centuries.

Nowadays we can hear some pseudo-arguments like “forced conversion” and
“Our religion is in danger” and in this part, we will analyze whether it is true.
 
What is forced conversion?
 
Forced conversion is the conversion of a person or sect against the will of a person or society by a government, government officials, regime, dominant organization, or individuals who use their power and authority to intimidate or threaten a life / lives or to rob the rights of a person or society.
 
1)During BCE 1178 to 2^nd Century CE, the Aryans intimidated and forced
   the aborigines in the land and forced them to adopt their culture
   It was forced conversion.
2) After the 2nd century CE, the Aryans an ethnic group migrated from Central
    Asia killed the Buddhists and Jains and threatened to adopt Aryan religion
    and many Buddhists and Jains were converted to Aryan Religion due to the    
    coercion. It was forced conversion
  Conversion to Aryan religion was forced conversion
3) In the Gupta Empire in North India and the Chola in South India
    the empires were also dominated by only one caste sect oppressing
    others under their control and robbed them of all their rights and enslave
    them to keep and serve them. It was forced conversion.
4) As per Brahminical history, some Islamic kings like Tipu Sultan and     
    Aurangzeb converted people at the point of the sword. If it is true,
   that too would be a forced conversion. Or if British Govt. used their full
   power to convert people to Christianity is would be a forced conversion.
5) A Central Government or a State Government gives more priority or
    importance to a particular caste sect., in employment, education,
   governance, power, it is a forced conversion  which is happening in India.
  6) In the offices of a Central Government, State Government, if they are
      allowing the rituals, symbols, images, temples, culture, poojas, mandras,
      worship practices of a specific caste sect only, then it is a forced conversion
      which is happening in India. These Aryan religious practices were conducted
      by Brahmins even in the British period. The Muslims, Christians, Sikhs,
     Buddhists and Jains are not aliens but they are all Indians who adapted to a
     new faith and they have all rights as per article 25 of Indian Constitution.
7) In MNCs or Corporate firms or private firms in India, if CEO, top executives,
   their HR officials give high priority to a particular caste sect in employment,  
   promotion and increment and reject the profiles of minority community, it is   
   a forced conversion,  which is also happening in India. In any Christian    
   MNCs in India, corporate and private institutions especially Brahmins are
   emphasized for many profiles and Christians and Muslims are ignored.
8) It is compulsory conversion if only a certain upper caste community is given more than 80% opportunity in the multiple education departments of a central government. This is also found in India. The Coalition has only a specific upper community in various places such as UGC, NTA, IIT, IISc, IIMs, CBSE, NAAC, CSIR, NITs, IISER, Universities in the various departments functioning under the Central Ministry of Education. It is also true that there have been multiple malfunctions in the examinations on their behalf.
9) It is forced conversion if the opportunity is given only to a certain sect in  the judiciary system, the ministry, the ministers, the secretaries of the ministries, the deputy secretaries, the joint secretaries and the underprivileged, the minorities or the oppressed are denied the opportunity there.
10) The press and television media run by a particular community are forcibly proselytizing by criticizing the minorities, the oppressed and the oppressed under the false blanket of "nationalism" and imposing it on the people. This is also done by the Brahmins in India.
11) It is a compulsory conversion for judges who act religiously and caste-biased to use their power in their judgments to pass a biased judgment on behalf of their religion and caste. This is also happening ubiquitously in India.
12) It is a forced conversion if a Governor, a Chief Minister, a Minister takes a decision on the basis of his caste or religion or decides against other castes and other religions to oppress them in higher education or opportunities. This is also available in India.
13) It is proselytizing if a police superior or subordinate officer discriminates on the basis of his or her caste, religion, in a complaint or an petition or trail or probe, it is a forced conversion. This is a daily occurrence in India
14) It is a forced conversion if a government official refuses to grant relief, certificate, entitlement or privilege to a person on the basis of caste or religion.
15) When there is a one-sided rule in the Centre, the racist groups and their organizations, their media, their mercenary sectarian organizations take it as an opportunity to show their power and rise up in its ideology, in any way, to intimidate the elected state government, political parties, social organizations, charities, educational institutions, minorities and oppressed, backward classes, it is a forced conversion. This is a day to day happening in India.
16) It is a forced conversion to spread religiously false beliefs, to present themselves as equal to God, and to ensnare innocent people in their policy for their own gain and income.
17) In order to retain their full power as a single caste in governance, in power, in employment, in education, in religion, if a race is doing disgusting divisive maneuver that divides others to clash by caste or religion and makes fun of them, it is the silly forced conversion.
18) If a Corporate firm or MNC wants to set up a hazardous plant in a locality
and if the local people are opposing the plant due to its hazardous nature,
Brahmins can easily divide those local people either by religion or caste through their media and social media and can earn blooded-money keeping the local people as scape-goats. It is a forced conversion.
 
There are many such molecules of definitions to forced conversion. To cover all their forced conversion, these Brahmins in India unleash false propaganda that forced conversion is going on in India and Hinduism is in danger.
Indian people need to know their conspiracy.  Definitely we need to have a
strong anti-conversion bill to stop all above conversions. The same should be applicable to all fake Christian Pastors and preachers who are cheating many people to accumulate their wealth and income. But in India, they are not targeted by Brahmins but only the service-minded Christian Organizations who are in education and healthcare because they are the barrier for their hidden agenda. Brahmins never attack preaching missionaries but they only target service-minded missionaries who work for tribes, poor, Dalits, Backward communities, sickened, weaker class, destitute etc.,  because they don’t want other communities to grow equal to them.

Conversion and Indian Politics (Part 2)

 After that Islamic invasion, followed by  Qutb-ud-din Slave Empire during

1206-1290 CE, Khilji Empire of Jalaluddin Khilji during 1290-1320 CE, Tughlaq Empire of Ghias-ud-din during 1320-1414 CE, Empire of Bahlol Lodhi during 1451 – 1526 CE, changes of dynasties took place. Mughal Empire spread their reign at a large extent covering most part of Indian Sub- continent during 1526 – 1857 CE. With these, Islam was introduced in India. Then came the change of regime as the Portuguese, the Dutch, the British. Before looking in detail about the conversion to Islam and conversion to Christianity, I would like to take my understanding and my views on conversion.

 

Is conversion right or wrong?

 

Every one irrespective of any religion knows that this universe, the world, was created a very, very, very ...... Supreme power beyond our thoughts, our sense, our knowledge,  and He is caring us the one who has no parallel to Him in mightiness. Everyone knows that this world is a dust in His sight and that God has the power to destroy this world in a second. We call Him in various terms Lord, God, The Almighty. The motive of dominance, motive of business & trade, and visual belief or worship (disbelief that only God can be trusted through a medium of shape) have evolved into religions today that give rise to images, names, and incarnations. Even though human beings know that Who are the men to save God?, human beings are rebellious as an ethnic group to impose their domination on others using their religion and maintain it. In the name of religion, these people who hunt down other human beings created by God in the name of God do not really have faith in God but they make themselves gods through religion and stand against God.

Are you trying to save the God who protects you? What a stupidity.

 

                                           This is a tactical motive for dominating by religion, a business purpose and a political purpose. Does God want human beings to be turned into animals in the name of religion? Religious bigotry is a racist bigotry,

a dominance hysteria and a maneuver to enslave humans. Although religion is not necessary for me, there is nothing wrong with following or changing the rituals of worship according to one's own will. At the same time, God has never given any authority to any religion or religious organization or individual to be   "his representative".  Does God run a political party so that these people can gather crowds in the name of religions holding flags and add more members to His political party? I think it is wrong to think of converting someone in any way. God has designed how a person should be before he was born.

But it is necessary to take the higher principles of religion, love, equality, an social justice for all who oppressed in another religion. The thinking to prevent this is the dominant class with the dominant mindset in that religion. This is what they call conversion and spreading heresy. The intention is to deprive the oppressed of their religion in their rights to education, employment and social status. This is not only a narrow view of their own colossus in education, employment, governance and power, it is a conspiracy and indirect agenda that has been occurring on for centuries in Indian history.

If there is an equality, common justice, social justice, moral change through this conversion in the life of an oppressed man or an oppressed community, we must wholeheartedly welcome that conversion. Conversions can happen on the basis of feelings, trust and faith spiritually. In democracy, no one either an individual or religious groups or ethnic groups or bureaucrats or any government has no right or authority to sojourn the individual’s right of conversion. It will cause great turmoil in the community if they think to fold.

Conversion and Indian Politics (Part 1)

 It is a well known fact that the conversion and the related social violence that arose from it and the various political changes that have been taking place in India made impacts on Indian history as well as on Indian politics for over 3000 years. In fact, these proselytizing controversies were not caused due to religion, but rather by a war of domination between racist and racist groups seeking to seize power.

 

Vedic Period, Dravidians, Buddhism and Jainism 

Before 1250 BCE, different ethnic groups have practiced various forms of worship in the region presently known as the Indian subcontinent. Many of these were forms of worship in various forms, such as natural worship, ancestor worship, idolatry or non-idolatry. The doctrine of religion did not develop here then. But between 1250 BCE and 650 BCE the Aryans migrated with cattle from West Asia (especially Persia, Mesopotamia, and Cappadocia) and settled in the Indus Valley and parts of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. There were various conflicts between them and the existing aborigines. It also featured cultural conflicts. Immigrant Aryans were literate and advanced in technique. In the course of the day they subjugated the aborigines through marriages, rituals, worship practices and many other stories and imposed their culture on them. This period was called the Vedic period. In many of their stories the Aryans were portrayed as heroes and the aborigines as villains. They did not dominate the southern parts of India during those periods. Then the ethnic problem developed among them and they were split into many divisions among them. Vaishnavism was repeatedly in thought of destroying Shaivism completely which created various conflicts and wars between Saivism and Vaishnavism erupted and thousands of people died every year. In that time, Buddhism was founded by Gautama Buddha in BC and was beginning to grow in India in 563 – 480 BCE. At the same time, the Jainism of Mahaveer began to grow. Many Saivists and aborigines converted to Buddhism and Jainism as they were attracted towards the principles of these two religions Buddhism & Jainism. From BCE 368 to 2^nd Century CE, Buddhism and Jainism flourished in India more than other religions. After the 2nd century CE, the Vaishnavism and the Shaivism, who could not tolerate this, came together and unleashed violence against Buddhism and Jainism. Lakhs of Buddhists and Jains were killed. In the fear of them, many Buddhists and Jains converted back to Vaishnavam and Shaivism. Up to this time, there was only Dravidian worship, Buddhism and Jainism in the South region. In the 4th century CE, that is between 319 - 467 CE,  the Gupta Empire (Brahmin rule) was formed and was dominated by Aryans, including Vaishnavism and Saivism. Non-Brahmins were oppressed. Buddhism and Jainism were suppressed. During this period many epics were written and many earlier historical evidences were destroyed. Till this day, the Gupta Period has been rewritten by the Brahmins as the Golden Age of India. Even in the history of India they have put it in various syllabi of the Central Government as the best period in education till date. By 600 AD the influence of the Gupta Empire had spread from Northern India to Southern India. The Cholas who ruled in the south at that time had many trade and cultural relations with them. The Chola Kings were attracted by many things of Aryans such as their culture, stories, rituals, ceremonies and worship practices, the Chola kings included them in their empire and allowed them to spread their culture. Many of the aboriginal Dravidians and Buddhists here were forcibly converted. Those who refused fell by the sword. The Cholas carried this culture to Orissa, Malaysia and other South Asian countries by their warfare. After the successive kingdoms of Rashtrakuta, Bala, Chalukya, Pallava, Chola, Kalapirar and Vijayanagara in the North and South till 1279 CE, the change of regime took place as the Islamic invasion of the North after 1302 CE and Vijayanagara Empire in the South.